Sand needs to have a high crush resistance because if grains break and produce smaller fragments, those fragments can plug pore space and reduce permeability. The American Petroleum Institute and the International Standards Organization provide standardized test procedures for evaluating frack sand.

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Hi-Crush owns and operates four frac sand production facilities in Wisconsin and two in-basin sand production facilities in West Texas. Our frac sand is sold primarily to E&P companies, the asset owners and end users of the product, as well as pressure pumping services companies. Our Northern White sand production facilities in Wisconsin ...

Frac sand needs to be very strong. Strength is found using the crush resistance test. The crush resistance test is used to determine a "K Value," which is the pressure at which 10% or more of the sand starts to break into fines. High quality frac sand often has K values of 5K, 8K, 9K. Resin coated frac sand and ceramic proppants have even ...

increasing the yield of usable sands for mining operations of frac sand. 2.0 METHODS 2.1 Testing Procedure—ISO This study was performed in accordance with ISO 13503-2 and ISO 13503-2/Amendment 1. This standard and amendment details procedures to evaluate potential proppant media by testing their physical properties. General sampling procedures

Crush Resistance – The measure of the strength of a mass of screened, fines-free dry proppant to force applied over a fixed cross-sectional area, providing an equivalent stress to the proppant under test. The mass of proppant introduced to the crush cylinder is a function of its Bulk Density and the specified loading of 4.0 lb/cu ft.

effort is the development of the "long-term baseline conductivity laboratory test" for proppants. While this test is a huge leap forward in subjecting proppant to simulated downhole conditions, it still does not adequately address many additional factors that can impact the effectiveness of the proppant such as: 1.

Mar 26, 2013· > Mining Equipment > frac sand crush test procedure; Print. … Jan 09, 2012 ・ Frac Sand (Proppant) Testing Update … The API/ISO crush test is intended to emulate …

Lonquist Engineering is proud to offer accurate and reliable testing and evaluation services. With over 15 years of experience in the material testing and mining sector Lonquist has established itself as a leader in the industry. Lonquist offers services relating to frac sand, minerals, aggregates, salt, clay and much more.

Unlike the API crush test, the PT Crush Profile uses the entire proppant sample for crushing at each stress, the sample is then sieved to determine particle distribution, and MPD is then calculated. A change in MPD directly correlates to flow capacity and reservoir productivity. This test, ordered separately, provides a more realistic view

Turbidity of frac sand is measured by UV equipment. High concentrations of fines results in a higher turbidity number. Turbidity qualifying criteria is less than 250 FTU and/or NTU as shown in Table 2. Crush-Resistance Test Geomechanical properties of sand grains play an important role in keeping hydraulic fractures open.

Western Proppants 100M offers the highest crush strength regional frac sand in the Powder River Basin and DJ Basin. Over 8k PSI of crush resistance per API 19-C test procedures. Other "frac sand" in the basins are 4-6k PSI which will not withstand bottomhole pressures. Western Proppant's mine is the ONLY facility in-basin with an ...

Aug 07, 2006· Section 8 of the document describes a "Recommended Frac Sand Crush Resistance Test." This test employs the cylindrical test cell shown in FIG. 1. The procedure includes sieving a sample of sand to the desired range of sizes and placing a measured amount of sand inside the cylinder to produce a sand concentration of 4 lbs per sq. ft.

Crush Test Apparatus 18 ©2013 John Getty, Montana Tech 19 The Mysterious "Pluviator" U.S. Patent 7,562,583 B2 • Significant effort has been expended attempting to improve the precision of crush tests. • Thrust has been to improve ... Fishing for Frac Sand Author:

Assured Testing Services provides expertise in determining the suitability and performance of proppant sand. Crush, Sieve Analysis, Sphericity, Conductivity

Compared to the ISO 13503-2 standard where only the sand crushing percentage after crushing tests is measured, this paper demonstrates that more information can be …

Jan 01, 1995· 8.2 Field on-site turbidity test 8.3 Centrifugal measurement of clay and soft particulate content 9 Recommended frac sand crush resistance test 9.1 General 9.2 Equipment and Materials 9.3 Recommended Test Procedure 9.4 Suggested Fines 10 Recommended Sand Mineralogical Analysis 10.1 Test Procedure 10.2 Reported Results Figures

For more information on crush testing, go to:, we're ready to crush some sand.This is the sand crush cylinder and...

is similar to that of 40/70 frac sand public data. Figures 1 & 2 The ISO Crush requires that crush properties of a proppant are evaluated at incremental pressures until fines generated are < 10% by weight. For the Southern Ohio Sand 40/70 Sand the crush test was halted @ 6,000 psi with the sample producing an average of 9.5% fines.

Jan 09, 2012· Based on test work completed to date, with a special focus on crush testing, it is apparent that both Angus and Nonda materials can yield frac-quality sand in sizes used in the Montney and Horn ...

Apparatus and method are provided for loading a cell for testing crush-resistance of a proppant or other granular material. The apparatus includes a rod valve and one or two screens selected to allow proppant to pluviate into the cell. Stress may be applied to the cell and the amount of proppant crushed by the stress may be measured.

40/70 frac sand public data. Figure 1 The ISO Crush requires that crush properties of a proppant are evaluated at incremental pressures until fines generated are < 10% by weight. For the Minnesota Sand, LLC 40/70 Cut Sand the crush test was halted @ 12,000 psi with the sample producing an average of 8.82% fines.

Jan 09, 2012· Based on test work completed to date, with a special focus on crush testing, it is apparent that both Angus and Nonda materials can yield frac-quality sand in sizes used in the Montney and Horn ...

The proppant crush cell (ISO 13503-2 section 11.3.2) uses a piston diameter of 50,8 mm. The test speed is controlled at a constant rate of 13,8 MPa (2000 psi) per minute. The crosshead loading is based on PID closed loop servo control, so system response is capable of very high quality speed control using proportional-integral-derivative gain ...

distribution varies from that of 20/40 frac sand public data. Figures 1 & 2 The ISO Crush requires that crush properties of a proppant are evaluated at incremental pressures until fines generated are < 10% by weight. For the Southern Ohio Sand 20/40 Sand the crush test was halted @ 3,000 psi with the sample

Oct 26, 2009· Frac sand formula. Hexion has developed a new, curable resin-coated proppant grade called XRT Gold H, available in a -16 to +40 mesh size, designed for applications with closure stresses ranging from 6,000 to 10,000 psi and bottom-hole static temperatures up to 232ºC. ... Hexion developed test procedures called the Wet, Hot Crush Test and ...

Frac sand is tested at 150°F (65.5°C) and ceramic proppants at 250°F (121.11°C). Proppant suppliers use this, among other testing parameters, to develop data to market their products to the industry. As with any standard, the test has its limitations. The test is expensive, time-consuming and in many cases does not match the application.

ISO 13503-2 Crush Test Procedure • Proppant is pre-sieved to remove particles outside of stated mesh range. • Dry proppant placed in steel cell at ~4 lb/sq ft (sand equivalent) • Room temperature • Proppant evenly distributed with level surface • Load applied at uniform rate • Constant stress maintained for two minutes

May 09, 2016· This paper presents results from sand characterization and crushing tests on Jordan Formation frac sand. It includes an assessment of grain-size reduction, changes in particle shape, and reduction ...

Sand-intensive hydraulic fracturing is putting new pressures on frac sand mining. Frac sand demand has grown from 7 million tons in 2010, about 27% of total U.S. sand and gravel production, to 63% of the total 100 million tons produced in 2017, according to USGS figures.

Sep 15, 2014· Tag: Frac Sand Crush Test. March 20, 2018 GEL Lab Team. How To Crush Frac Sand – Part 1. In our adventure to open up the doors of the lab and let you inside, we. Continue reading. March 26, 2015 Brandon DeShaw, PE. How to select your first crush stress.

Frac sand testing services we provide include: Material Processing – $150 for initial washing (required of all sand samples) of the proppant sample, and $150 per hour of any additional processing (like crushing of sandstone samples). Initial washing is …

Oct 03, 2013· Point is, for me the crush resistance frac sand test is the "horsey ride" of testing. Yes, the weighing out of the sand is an exacting and demanding, sometimes painful process. You see, you have to be precise on the mass to 3 decimal points. A grain of sand weighs about 1 mg, so you are literally adding or subtracting grains to nail the mass.